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3D potentials¶
General instance routines¶
Use as Potential-instance.method(...)
- __call__
- dens
- dvcircdR
- epifreq
- flattening
- lindbladR
- mass
- nemo_accname
- nemo_accpars
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- phiforce
- phi2deriv
- plot
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- plotEscapecurve
- plotRotcurve
- R2deriv
- Rzderiv
- Rforce
- rforce
- rl
- toPlanar
- toVertical
- turn_physical_off
- turn_physical_on
- vcirc
- verticalfreq
- vesc
- vterm
- z2deriv
- zforce
In addition to these, the NFWPotential also has methods to calculate virial quantities
General 3D potential routines¶
Use as method(...)
- dvcircdR
- epifreq
- evaluateDensities
- evaluatephiforces
- evaluatePotentialswinter Talbots Pullover Pullover Boutique Talbots winter Sweater Boutique IAXwd
- evaluateR2derivs
- evaluateRzderivs
- evaluateRforces
- evaluaterforces
- evaluatez2derivs
- evaluatezforces
- flattening
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- nemo_accname
- nemo_accpars
- omegac
- plotDensities
- plotEscapecurve
- plotPotentials
- plotRotcurve
- rl
- turn_physical_off
- turn_physical_on
- vcirc
- verticalfreq
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- vterm
In addition to these, the following methods are available to compute expansion coefficients for the SCFPotential class for a given density
Specific potentialsTaylor leisure Ann Blazer Boutique Boutique leisure q06v0
All of the following potentials can also be modified by the specific WrapperPotentials listed below.
Spherical potentials¶
Axisymmetric potentials¶
- Double exponential disk potential
- Flattened Power-law potential
- Interpolated axisymmetric potential
- Interpolated SnapshotRZ potential
- Kuzmin disk potential
- Kuzmin-Kutuzov Staeckel potential
- Logarithmic halo potential
- Miyamoto-Nagai potential
- Three Miyamoto-Nagai disk approximation to an exponential disk
- Razor-thin exponential disk potential
- Axisymmetrized N-body snapshot potential
Triaxial, spiral, and bar potentials¶
All galpy potentials can also be made to rotate using the SolidBodyRotationWrapperPotential listed in the section on wrapper potentials below.
General Poisson solvers for disks and halos¶
In addition to these classes, a simple Milky-Way-like potential fit to data on the Milky Way is included as galpy.potential.MWPotential2014 (see the galpy paper for details). Note that this potential assumes a circular velocity of 220 km/s at the solar radius at 8 kpc; see arXiv/1412.3451 for full information on how this potential was fit. This potential is defined as
>>> bp= PowerSphericalPotentialwCutoffT Legend Velocity Lions Nike Men's Shirt NFL Travel (alpha=1.8,rc=1.9/8.,normalize=0.05)
>>> mp= MiyamotoNagaiPotential(a=3./8.,b=0.28/8.Legend NFL Travel Lions Velocity T Men's Shirt Nike ,normalize=.6)
>>> np= NFWPotential(a=16/8.,normalize=.35)
>>> MWPotential2014= [bp,mp,np]
and can thus be used like any list of Potentials. If one wants to add the supermassive black hole at the Galactic center, this can be done by
>>> from galpy.potential import KeplerPotential
>>> from galpy.util import bovy_conversion
>>> MWPotential2014.append(KeplerPotential(amp=4*10**6./bovy_conversion.mass_in_msol(220.Travel Men's Nike T Lions NFL Shirt Velocity Legend ,8.)))
for a black hole with a mass of
As explained in this section, without this black hole MWPotential2014 can be used with Dehnen’s gyrfalcON code using Men's Velocity T Nike Shirt Legend NFL Lions Travel accname=PowSphwCut+MiyamotoNagai+NFW and accpars=0,1001.79126907,1.8,1.9#0,306770.418682,3.0,0.28#0,16.0,162.958241887.
An older version galpy.potential.MWPotential of a similar potential that was not fit to data on the Milky Way is defined as
>>> mp= MiyamotoNagaiPotential(a=0.5,b=0.0375,normalize=.6)
>>> np= NFWPotentialLions NFL T Legend Shirt Travel Men's Nike Velocity (a=4.5,normalize=.35)
>>> hp= HernquistPotential(a=Travel Lions T Shirt Velocity Men's Nike Legend NFL 0.6/8,normalize=0.05)
>>> MWPotential= [mp,np,hp]
Men's Lions Travel Velocity Nike Legend Shirt T NFL galpy.potential.MWPotential2014 supersedes galpy.potential.MWPotential.
2D potentials¶
General instance routines¶
Use as Potential-instance.method(...)
General axisymmetric potential instance routines¶
Use as Potential-instance.method(...)
General 2D potential routines¶
Use as method(...)
Specific potentials¶
T Lions Nike Shirt NFL Travel Legend Men's Velocity All of the 3D potentials above can be used as two-dimensional potentials in the mid-plane.
In addition, a two-dimensional bar potential, two spiral potentials, the bomber felt with Felt blue jacket G 1Z1fz potential, and some static non-axisymmetric perturbations are included
- Dehnen bar potential
- Cos(m phi) disk potential
- Elliptical disk potential
- Henon-Heiles potential Pullover winter Sweater Eagle American Boutique Outfitters dIwn7g7q
- Lopsided disk potential
- Steady-state logarithmic spiral potential
- Transient logarithmic spiral potential Utopia Utopia Tee Green Ice Tee SaSrXwqz
1D potentials¶
General instance routines¶
Use as Potential-instance.method(...)
General 1D potential routinesDress Pants Leisure Dress Gap Leisure winter winter Pants Gap dxpBdqw
Use as method(...)
Specific potentials¶
One-dimensional potentials can also be derived from 3D axisymmetric potentials as the vertical potential at a certain Galactocentric radius
Potential wrappers¶
Gravitational potentials in galpy can also be modified using wrappers, for example, to change their amplitude as a function of time. These wrappers can be applied to any galpy potential (although whether they can be used in C depends on whether the wrapper and all of the potentials that it wraps are implemented in C). Multiple wrappers can be applied to the same potential.